Modelli Flutter
Costruire un'app di social networking con Flutter e Back4App

54min
Introduzione
Creare un'app di social networking può essere un compito complesso, ma con Flutter e Back4App, puoi semplificare il processo di sviluppo. Questo tutorial ti guiderà nella creazione di un'app di social networking completa che include autenticazione degli utenti, gestione dei profili, feed di notizie, connessioni tra amici, messaggistica e notifiche.
Alla fine di questo tutorial, avrai un'app di social networking funzionale con le seguenti caratteristiche:
Autenticazione Utente: Processi di registrazione e accesso sicuri.
Profili Utente: Profili modificabili con informazioni sugli utenti.
Feed di Notizie: Visualizzazione dei post degli amici e dell'utente.
Connessioni tra Amici: Possibilità di inviare e accettare richieste di amicizia.
Messaggistica: Chat in tempo reale tra gli utenti.
Notifiche: Notifiche push per richieste di amicizia, messaggi e interazioni con i post.
Prerequisiti
Per seguire questo tutorial, avrai bisogno di:
Flutter SDK installato sul tuo computer. Segui la guida ufficiale all'installazione di Flutter per il tuo sistema operativo.
Conoscenze di base di Flutter e Dart. Se sei nuovo a Flutter, rivedi la documentazione di Flutter per familiarizzare con le basi.
Un IDE o editor di testo come Visual Studio Code o Android Studio.
Un account Back4App. Registrati per un account gratuito su Back4App.
Parse Server SDK per Flutter aggiunto al tuo progetto. Scopri come configurarlo seguendo la Guida al SDK Flutter di Back4App.
Passo 1 – Configurazione del Progetto Flutter
1.1. Crea un Nuovo Progetto Flutter
Apri il tuo terminale e esegui:
Bash
flutter create social_app
flutter create social_app
﻿
Naviga nella directory del progetto:
Bash
cd social_app
cd social_app
﻿
1.2. Aggiungi Dipendenze
Apri pubspec.yaml e aggiungi le seguenti dipendenze:
YAML
dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  parse_server_sdk_flutter: ^4.0.1
  provider: ^6.0.0
  image_picker: ^0.8.4+6
  cached_network_image: ^3.2.0
  firebase_messaging: ^11.2.8
  uuid: ^3.0.6
dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  parse_server_sdk_flutter: ^4.0.1
  provider: ^6.0.0
  image_picker: ^0.8.4+6
  cached_network_image: ^3.2.0
  firebase_messaging: ^11.2.8
  uuid: ^3.0.6
﻿
Esegui flutter pub get per installare i pacchetti.
Nota: Stiamo usando:
parse_server_sdk_flutter per l'integrazione con Back4App.
provider per la gestione dello stato.
image_picker per selezionare immagini del profilo e dei post.
cached_network_image per un caricamento efficiente delle immagini.
firebase_messaging per le notifiche push.
uuid per generare ID unici.
Passo 2 – Configurazione di Back4App
2.1. Crea una nuova applicazione Back4App
Accedi al tuo dashboard di Back4App.
Clicca su "Crea nuova App".
Inserisci un nome per la tua applicazione, ad esempio, "SocialApp", e clicca "Crea".
2.2. Configura i modelli di dati
Dovremo creare diverse classi in Back4App:
Utente: Classe integrata per l'autenticazione degli utenti.
Profilo: Memorizza le informazioni del profilo utente.
Post: Memorizza i post degli utenti.
RichiestaAmicizia: Gestisce le richieste di amicizia tra gli utenti.
Messaggio: Memorizza i messaggi tra gli utenti.
2.2.1. Classe Profilo
Naviga nella "Database" sezione.
Clicca su "Crea una classe".
Nella finestra modale:
Seleziona "Personalizzato".
Inserisci "Profilo" come nome della classe.
Clicca "Crea classe".
Aggiungi le seguenti colonne:
utente: Digita Puntatore<_Utente>
nomeUtente: Digita Stringa
nomeCompleto: Digita Stringa
bio: Digita Stringa
immagineProfilo: Digita File
2.2.2. Classe Post
Crea un "Post" classe con le seguenti colonne:
utente: Tipo Pointer<_User>
contenuto: Tipo String
immagine: Tipo File
createdAt: Tipo Date
2.2.3. Classe FriendRequest
Crea un "FriendRequest" classe con le seguenti colonne:
daUtente: Tipo Pointer<_User>
aUtente: Tipo Pointer<_User>
stato: Tipo String (Valori: "in attesa", "accettato", "rifiutato")
2.2.4. Classe Messaggio
Crea un "Message" classe con le seguenti colonne:
daUtente: Tipo Pointer<_User>
aUtente: Tipo Pointer<_User>
contenuto: Tipo String
createdAt: Tipo Date
2.3. Ottenere le credenziali dell'applicazione
Naviga a Impostazioni App > Sicurezza e Chiavi.
Annota il tuo ID Applicazione e Chiave Client.
Passaggio 3 – Inizializzazione di Parse nella tua app Flutter
Apri lib/main.dart e modificalo come segue:
Dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import 'services/auth_service.dart';
import 'screens/login_screen.dart';

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();

  const keyApplicationId = 'YOUR_APPLICATION_ID';
  const keyClientKey = 'YOUR_CLIENT_KEY';
  const keyParseServerUrl = 'https://parseapi.back4app.com';

  await Parse().initialize(
    keyApplicationId,
    keyParseServerUrl,
    clientKey: keyClientKey,
    autoSendSessionId: true,
    debug: true,
  );

  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ChangeNotifierProvider<AuthService>(
      create: (_) => AuthService(),
      child: MaterialApp(
        title: 'Social App',
        theme: ThemeData(
          primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
        ),
        home: LoginScreen(),
      ),
    );
  }
}
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import 'services/auth_service.dart';
import 'screens/login_screen.dart';

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();

  const keyApplicationId = 'YOUR_APPLICATION_ID';
  const keyClientKey = 'YOUR_CLIENT_KEY';
  const keyParseServerUrl = 'https://parseapi.back4app.com';

  await Parse().initialize(
    keyApplicationId,
    keyParseServerUrl,
    clientKey: keyClientKey,
    autoSendSessionId: true,
    debug: true,
  );

  runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ChangeNotifierProvider<AuthService>(
      create: (_) => AuthService(),
      child: MaterialApp(
        title: 'Social App',
        theme: ThemeData(
          primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
        ),
        home: LoginScreen(),
      ),
    );
  }
}
﻿
Sostituisci 'YOUR_APPLICATION_ID' e 'YOUR_CLIENT_KEY' con le tue credenziali Back4App.
Stiamo usando ChangeNotifierProvider per gestire lo stato di autenticazione.
Passaggio 4 – Implementazione dell'autenticazione utente
4.1. Crea il Servizio di Autenticazione
Crea una nuova directory chiamata services sotto lib e aggiungi un file chiamato auth_service.dart:
Dart
// lib/services/auth_service.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class AuthService with ChangeNotifier {
  ParseUser? user;

  Future<bool> signUp(String username, String password, String email) async {
    user = ParseUser.createUser(username, password, email);

    final response = await user!.signUp();

    if (response.success) {
      notifyListeners();
      return true;
    } else {
      user = null;
      return false;
    }
  }

  Future<bool> login(String username, String password) async {
    user = ParseUser(username, password, null);

    final response = await user!.login();

    if (response.success) {
      notifyListeners();
      return true;
    } else {
      user = null;
      return false;
    }
  }

  Future<void> logout() async {
    if (user != null) {
      await user!.logout();
      user = null;
      notifyListeners();
    }
  }

  bool get isAuthenticated => user != null;
}
// lib/services/auth_service.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class AuthService with ChangeNotifier {
  ParseUser? user;

  Future<bool> signUp(String username, String password, String email) async {
    user = ParseUser.createUser(username, password, email);

    final response = await user!.signUp();

    if (response.success) {
      notifyListeners();
      return true;
    } else {
      user = null;
      return false;
    }
  }

  Future<bool> login(String username, String password) async {
    user = ParseUser(username, password, null);

    final response = await user!.login();

    if (response.success) {
      notifyListeners();
      return true;
    } else {
      user = null;
      return false;
    }
  }

  Future<void> logout() async {
    if (user != null) {
      await user!.logout();
      user = null;
      notifyListeners();
    }
  }

  bool get isAuthenticated => user != null;
}
﻿
4.2. Crea le Schermate di Accesso e Registrazione
Crea una directory chiamata screens sotto lib e aggiungi login_screen.dart e signup_screen.dart.
4.2.1. Schermata di accesso
Dart
// lib/screens/login_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import 'signup_screen.dart';
import 'home_screen.dart';

class LoginScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _LoginScreenState createState() => _LoginScreenState();
}

class _LoginScreenState extends State<LoginScreen> {
  final TextEditingController _usernameController = TextEditingController();
  final TextEditingController _passwordController = TextEditingController();

  void _login() async {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    bool success = await authService.login(
      _usernameController.text.trim(),
      _passwordController.text.trim(),
    );

    if (success) {
      Navigator.pushReplacement(
        context,
        MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => HomeScreen()),
      );
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
          .showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Login failed')));
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Social App Login'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Column(
          children: [
            TextField(
              controller: _usernameController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Username'),
            ),
            TextField(
              controller: _passwordController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Password'),
              obscureText: true,
            ),
            SizedBox(height: 20),
            ElevatedButton(onPressed: _login, child: Text('Login')),
            TextButton(
              onPressed: () {
                Navigator.push(
                  context,
                  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => SignupScreen()),
                );
              },
              child: Text('Don\'t have an account? Sign up'),
            )
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
// lib/screens/login_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import 'signup_screen.dart';
import 'home_screen.dart';

class LoginScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _LoginScreenState createState() => _LoginScreenState();
}

class _LoginScreenState extends State<LoginScreen> {
  final TextEditingController _usernameController = TextEditingController();
  final TextEditingController _passwordController = TextEditingController();

  void _login() async {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    bool success = await authService.login(
      _usernameController.text.trim(),
      _passwordController.text.trim(),
    );

    if (success) {
      Navigator.pushReplacement(
        context,
        MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => HomeScreen()),
      );
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
          .showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Login failed')));
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Social App Login'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Column(
          children: [
            TextField(
              controller: _usernameController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Username'),
            ),
            TextField(
              controller: _passwordController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Password'),
              obscureText: true,
            ),
            SizedBox(height: 20),
            ElevatedButton(onPressed: _login, child: Text('Login')),
            TextButton(
              onPressed: () {
                Navigator.push(
                  context,
                  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => SignupScreen()),
                );
              },
              child: Text('Don\'t have an account? Sign up'),
            )
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
﻿
4.2.2. Schermata di registrazione
Dart
// lib/screens/signup_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import 'home_screen.dart';

class SignupScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _SignupScreenState createState() => _SignupScreenState();
}

class _SignupScreenState extends State<SignupScreen> {
  final TextEditingController _usernameController = TextEditingController();
  final TextEditingController _passwordController = TextEditingController();
  final TextEditingController _emailController = TextEditingController();

  void _signUp() async {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    bool success = await authService.signUp(
      _usernameController.text.trim(),
      _passwordController.text.trim(),
      _emailController.text.trim(),
    );

    if (success) {
      Navigator.pushReplacement(
        context,
        MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => HomeScreen()),
      );
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
          .showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Signup failed')));
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Social App Signup'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Column(
          children: [
            TextField(
              controller: _usernameController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Username'),
            ),
            TextField(
              controller: _emailController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Email'),
            ),
            TextField(
              controller: _passwordController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Password'),
              obscureText: true,
            ),
            SizedBox(height: 20),
            ElevatedButton(onPressed: _signUp, child: Text('Sign Up')),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
// lib/screens/signup_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import 'home_screen.dart';

class SignupScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _SignupScreenState createState() => _SignupScreenState();
}

class _SignupScreenState extends State<SignupScreen> {
  final TextEditingController _usernameController = TextEditingController();
  final TextEditingController _passwordController = TextEditingController();
  final TextEditingController _emailController = TextEditingController();

  void _signUp() async {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    bool success = await authService.signUp(
      _usernameController.text.trim(),
      _passwordController.text.trim(),
      _emailController.text.trim(),
    );

    if (success) {
      Navigator.pushReplacement(
        context,
        MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => HomeScreen()),
      );
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
          .showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Signup failed')));
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Social App Signup'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Column(
          children: [
            TextField(
              controller: _usernameController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Username'),
            ),
            TextField(
              controller: _emailController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Email'),
            ),
            TextField(
              controller: _passwordController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Password'),
              obscureText: true,
            ),
            SizedBox(height: 20),
            ElevatedButton(onPressed: _signUp, child: Text('Sign Up')),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
﻿
Passo 5 – Impostazione dei profili utente
5.1. Crea il servizio profilo
Aggiungi un file chiamato profile_service.dart sotto lib/services/:
Dart
// lib/services/profile_service.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import '../models/profile.dart';

class ProfileService {
  Future<void> createProfile(ParseUser user) async {
    final profile = ParseObject('Profile')
      ..set('user', user)
      ..set('username', user.username);

    await profile.save();
  }

  Future<Profile?> getProfile(ParseUser user) async {
    final query = QueryBuilder<ParseObject>(ParseObject('Profile'))
      ..whereEqualTo('user', user);

    final response = await query.query();

    if (response.success && response.results != null) {
      final profileObject = response.results!.first;
      return Profile.fromParseObject(profileObject);
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }

  Future<void> updateProfile(Profile profile) async {
    final profileObject = ParseObject('Profile')
      ..objectId = profile.id
      ..set('fullName', profile.fullName)
      ..set('bio', profile.bio);

    await profileObject.save();
  }
}
// lib/services/profile_service.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import '../models/profile.dart';

class ProfileService {
  Future<void> createProfile(ParseUser user) async {
    final profile = ParseObject('Profile')
      ..set('user', user)
      ..set('username', user.username);

    await profile.save();
  }

  Future<Profile?> getProfile(ParseUser user) async {
    final query = QueryBuilder<ParseObject>(ParseObject('Profile'))
      ..whereEqualTo('user', user);

    final response = await query.query();

    if (response.success && response.results != null) {
      final profileObject = response.results!.first;
      return Profile.fromParseObject(profileObject);
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }

  Future<void> updateProfile(Profile profile) async {
    final profileObject = ParseObject('Profile')
      ..objectId = profile.id
      ..set('fullName', profile.fullName)
      ..set('bio', profile.bio);

    await profileObject.save();
  }
}
﻿
5.2. Crea il modello profilo
Aggiungi un file chiamato profile.dart sotto lib/models/:
Dart
// lib/models/profile.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class Profile {
  String id;
  String username;
  String? fullName;
  String? bio;
  ParseFileBase? profilePicture;

  Profile({
    required this.id,
    required this.username,
    this.fullName,
    this.bio,
    this.profilePicture,
  });

  factory Profile.fromParseObject(ParseObject object) {
    return Profile(
      id: object.objectId!,
      username: object.get<String>('username')!,
      fullName: object.get<String>('fullName'),
      bio: object.get<String>('bio'),
      profilePicture: object.get<ParseFileBase>('profilePicture'),
    );
  }
}
// lib/models/profile.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class Profile {
  String id;
  String username;
  String? fullName;
  String? bio;
  ParseFileBase? profilePicture;

  Profile({
    required this.id,
    required this.username,
    this.fullName,
    this.bio,
    this.profilePicture,
  });

  factory Profile.fromParseObject(ParseObject object) {
    return Profile(
      id: object.objectId!,
      username: object.get<String>('username')!,
      fullName: object.get<String>('fullName'),
      bio: object.get<String>('bio'),
      profilePicture: object.get<ParseFileBase>('profilePicture'),
    );
  }
}
﻿
5.3. Crea Schermata Profilo
Aggiungi un file chiamato profile_screen.dart sotto lib/screens/:
Dart
// lib/screens/profile_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import '../services/profile_service.dart';
import '../models/profile.dart';

class ProfileScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _ProfileScreenState createState() => _ProfileScreenState();
}

class _ProfileScreenState extends State<ProfileScreen> {
  final ProfileService _profileService = ProfileService();
  Profile? profile;
  final TextEditingController _fullNameController = TextEditingController();
  final TextEditingController _bioController = TextEditingController();

  void _loadProfile() async {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final user = authService.user!;
    Profile? fetchedProfile = await _profileService.getProfile(user);

    if (fetchedProfile == null) {
      await _profileService.createProfile(user);
      fetchedProfile = await _profileService.getProfile(user);
    }

    setState(() {
      profile = fetchedProfile;
      _fullNameController.text = profile?.fullName ?? '';
      _bioController.text = profile?.bio ?? '';
    });
  }

  void _saveProfile() async {
    if (profile != null) {
      profile!.fullName = _fullNameController.text.trim();
      profile!.bio = _bioController.text.trim();
      await _profileService.updateProfile(profile!);
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
          .showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Profile updated')));
    }
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _loadProfile();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    if (profile == null) {
      return Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Profile')),
        body: Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator()),
      );
    }

    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(profile!.username)),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Column(
          children: [
            // Add profile picture handling here
            TextField(
              controller: _fullNameController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Full Name'),
            ),
            TextField(
              controller: _bioController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Bio'),
            ),
            SizedBox(height: 20),
            ElevatedButton(onPressed: _saveProfile, child: Text('Save')),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
// lib/screens/profile_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import '../services/profile_service.dart';
import '../models/profile.dart';

class ProfileScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _ProfileScreenState createState() => _ProfileScreenState();
}

class _ProfileScreenState extends State<ProfileScreen> {
  final ProfileService _profileService = ProfileService();
  Profile? profile;
  final TextEditingController _fullNameController = TextEditingController();
  final TextEditingController _bioController = TextEditingController();

  void _loadProfile() async {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final user = authService.user!;
    Profile? fetchedProfile = await _profileService.getProfile(user);

    if (fetchedProfile == null) {
      await _profileService.createProfile(user);
      fetchedProfile = await _profileService.getProfile(user);
    }

    setState(() {
      profile = fetchedProfile;
      _fullNameController.text = profile?.fullName ?? '';
      _bioController.text = profile?.bio ?? '';
    });
  }

  void _saveProfile() async {
    if (profile != null) {
      profile!.fullName = _fullNameController.text.trim();
      profile!.bio = _bioController.text.trim();
      await _profileService.updateProfile(profile!);
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
          .showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Profile updated')));
    }
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _loadProfile();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    if (profile == null) {
      return Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Profile')),
        body: Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator()),
      );
    }

    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(profile!.username)),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Column(
          children: [
            // Add profile picture handling here
            TextField(
              controller: _fullNameController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Full Name'),
            ),
            TextField(
              controller: _bioController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Bio'),
            ),
            SizedBox(height: 20),
            ElevatedButton(onPressed: _saveProfile, child: Text('Save')),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
﻿
Passo 6 – Implementazione dei Feed di Notizie
6.1. Crea il servizio Post
Aggiungi un file chiamato post_service.dart sotto lib/services/:
Dart
// lib/services/post_service.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import '../models/post.dart';

class PostService {
  Future<void> createPost(String content, ParseUser user) async {
    final post = ParseObject('Post')
      ..set('user', user)
      ..set('content', content);

    await post.save();
  }

  Future<List<Post>> getPosts(ParseUser user) async {
    final query = QueryBuilder<ParseObject>(ParseObject('Post'))
      ..orderByDescending('createdAt')
      ..includeObject(['user']);

    final response = await query.query();

    if (response.success && response.results != null) {
      return response.results!.map((e) => Post.fromParseObject(e)).toList();
    } else {
      return [];
    }
  }
}
// lib/services/post_service.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import '../models/post.dart';

class PostService {
  Future<void> createPost(String content, ParseUser user) async {
    final post = ParseObject('Post')
      ..set('user', user)
      ..set('content', content);

    await post.save();
  }

  Future<List<Post>> getPosts(ParseUser user) async {
    final query = QueryBuilder<ParseObject>(ParseObject('Post'))
      ..orderByDescending('createdAt')
      ..includeObject(['user']);

    final response = await query.query();

    if (response.success && response.results != null) {
      return response.results!.map((e) => Post.fromParseObject(e)).toList();
    } else {
      return [];
    }
  }
}
﻿
6.2. Crea il modello Post
Aggiungi un file chiamato post.dart sotto lib/models/:
Dart
// lib/models/post.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class Post {
  String id;
  String content;
  ParseUser user;
  DateTime createdAt;

  Post({
    required this.id,
    required this.content,
    required this.user,
    required this.createdAt,
  });

  factory Post.fromParseObject(ParseObject object) {
    return Post(
      id: object.objectId!,
      content: object.get<String>('content')!,
      user: object.get<ParseUser>('user')!,
      createdAt: object.createdAt!,
    );
  }
}
// lib/models/post.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class Post {
  String id;
  String content;
  ParseUser user;
  DateTime createdAt;

  Post({
    required this.id,
    required this.content,
    required this.user,
    required this.createdAt,
  });

  factory Post.fromParseObject(ParseObject object) {
    return Post(
      id: object.objectId!,
      content: object.get<String>('content')!,
      user: object.get<ParseUser>('user')!,
      createdAt: object.createdAt!,
    );
  }
}
﻿
6.3. Crea la schermata principale
Modifica home_screen.dart sotto lib/screens/:
Dart
// lib/screens/home_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import '../services/post_service.dart';
import '../models/post.dart';
import 'profile_screen.dart';

class HomeScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _HomeScreenState createState() => _HomeScreenState();
}

class _HomeScreenState extends State<HomeScreen> {
  final PostService _postService = PostService();
  List<Post> posts = [];
  final TextEditingController _postController = TextEditingController();

  void _loadPosts() async {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final user = authService.user!;
    List<Post> fetchedPosts = await _postService.getPosts(user);

    setState(() {
      posts = fetchedPosts;
    });
  }

  void _createPost() async {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final user = authService.user!;
    await _postService.createPost(_postController.text.trim(), user);
    _postController.clear();
    _loadPosts();
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _loadPosts();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context);
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Social App'),
        actions: [
          IconButton(
            icon: Icon(Icons.person),
            onPressed: () {
              Navigator.push(
                context,
                MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => ProfileScreen()),
              );
            },
          ),
          IconButton(
            icon: Icon(Icons.logout),
            onPressed: () async {
              await authService.logout();
              Navigator.pushReplacementNamed(context, '/');
            },
          ),
        ],
      ),
      body: Column(
        children: [
          TextField(
            controller: _postController,
            decoration: InputDecoration(
              hintText: 'What\'s on your mind?',
              contentPadding: EdgeInsets.all(16),
            ),
          ),
          ElevatedButton(onPressed: _createPost, child: Text('Post')),
          Expanded(
            child: ListView.builder(
              itemCount: posts.length,
              itemBuilder: (context, index) {
                final post = posts[index];
                return ListTile(
                  title: Text(post.user.username ?? 'Unknown'),
                  subtitle: Text(post.content),
                  trailing: Text(
                    post.createdAt.toLocal().toString(),
                    style: TextStyle(fontSize: 12),
                  ),
                );
              },
            ),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}
// lib/screens/home_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import '../services/post_service.dart';
import '../models/post.dart';
import 'profile_screen.dart';

class HomeScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _HomeScreenState createState() => _HomeScreenState();
}

class _HomeScreenState extends State<HomeScreen> {
  final PostService _postService = PostService();
  List<Post> posts = [];
  final TextEditingController _postController = TextEditingController();

  void _loadPosts() async {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final user = authService.user!;
    List<Post> fetchedPosts = await _postService.getPosts(user);

    setState(() {
      posts = fetchedPosts;
    });
  }

  void _createPost() async {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final user = authService.user!;
    await _postService.createPost(_postController.text.trim(), user);
    _postController.clear();
    _loadPosts();
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _loadPosts();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context);
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Social App'),
        actions: [
          IconButton(
            icon: Icon(Icons.person),
            onPressed: () {
              Navigator.push(
                context,
                MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => ProfileScreen()),
              );
            },
          ),
          IconButton(
            icon: Icon(Icons.logout),
            onPressed: () async {
              await authService.logout();
              Navigator.pushReplacementNamed(context, '/');
            },
          ),
        ],
      ),
      body: Column(
        children: [
          TextField(
            controller: _postController,
            decoration: InputDecoration(
              hintText: 'What\'s on your mind?',
              contentPadding: EdgeInsets.all(16),
            ),
          ),
          ElevatedButton(onPressed: _createPost, child: Text('Post')),
          Expanded(
            child: ListView.builder(
              itemCount: posts.length,
              itemBuilder: (context, index) {
                final post = posts[index];
                return ListTile(
                  title: Text(post.user.username ?? 'Unknown'),
                  subtitle: Text(post.content),
                  trailing: Text(
                    post.createdAt.toLocal().toString(),
                    style: TextStyle(fontSize: 12),
                  ),
                );
              },
            ),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}
﻿
Passo 7 – Aggiungere Connessioni di Amicizia
In questo passaggio, implementeremo le connessioni tra amici tra gli utenti. Gli utenti possono inviare richieste di amicizia, accettarle o rifiutarle e visualizzare la loro lista di amici. Modificheremo i modelli di dati, creeremo servizi e aggiorneremo l'interfaccia utente per supportare questa funzionalità.
7.1. Aggiornare il Modello di Dati
Abbiamo già creato la FriendRequest classe in Back4App con le seguenti colonne:
fromUser: Puntatore a _User
toUser: Puntatore a _User
status: Stringa (Valori: "in attesa", "accettato", "rifiutato")
Inoltre, dobbiamo tenere traccia dell'elenco degli amici di un utente. Possiamo farlo aggiungendo una friends relazione nella classe _User.
7.1.1. Aggiungi relazione amici alla classe utente
In Back4App, vai alla classe User.
Clicca sul pulsante "+" per aggiungere una nuova colonna.
Nomina la colonna "friends" e imposta il tipo su Relation <_User>.
7.2. Crea servizio di richiesta di amicizia
Crea un file chiamato friend_service.dart sotto lib/services/:
Dart
// lib/services/friend_service.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class FriendService {
  Future<bool> sendFriendRequest(ParseUser fromUser, ParseUser toUser) async {
    final friendRequest = ParseObject('FriendRequest')
      ..set('fromUser', fromUser)
      ..set('toUser', toUser)
      ..set('status', 'pending');

    final response = await friendRequest.save();
    return response.success;
  }

  Future<List<ParseObject>> getPendingRequests(ParseUser user) async {
    final query = QueryBuilder<ParseObject>(ParseObject('FriendRequest'))
      ..whereEqualTo('toUser', user)
      ..whereEqualTo('status', 'pending')
      ..includeObject(['fromUser']);

    final response = await query.query();
    if (response.success && response.results != null) {
      return response.results!;
    } else {
      return [];
    }
  }

  Future<bool> acceptFriendRequest(ParseObject friendRequest) async {
    friendRequest.set('status', 'accepted');
    final response = await friendRequest.save();

    if (response.success) {
      // Add each user to the other's friends relation
      final fromUser = friendRequest.get<ParseUser>('fromUser')!;
      final toUser = friendRequest.get<ParseUser>('toUser')!;

      fromUser.setAdd('friends', [toUser]);
      toUser.setAdd('friends', [fromUser]);

      await fromUser.save();
      await toUser.save();

      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  Future<bool> rejectFriendRequest(ParseObject friendRequest) async {
    friendRequest.set('status', 'rejected');
    final response = await friendRequest.save();
    return response.success;
  }

  Future<List<ParseUser>> getFriends(ParseUser user) async {
    final relation = user.getRelation<ParseUser>('friends');
    final query = relation.query();

    final response = await query.query();
    if (response.success && response.results != null) {
      return response.results!.cast<ParseUser>();
    } else {
      return [];
    }
  }
}
// lib/services/friend_service.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class FriendService {
  Future<bool> sendFriendRequest(ParseUser fromUser, ParseUser toUser) async {
    final friendRequest = ParseObject('FriendRequest')
      ..set('fromUser', fromUser)
      ..set('toUser', toUser)
      ..set('status', 'pending');

    final response = await friendRequest.save();
    return response.success;
  }

  Future<List<ParseObject>> getPendingRequests(ParseUser user) async {
    final query = QueryBuilder<ParseObject>(ParseObject('FriendRequest'))
      ..whereEqualTo('toUser', user)
      ..whereEqualTo('status', 'pending')
      ..includeObject(['fromUser']);

    final response = await query.query();
    if (response.success && response.results != null) {
      return response.results!;
    } else {
      return [];
    }
  }

  Future<bool> acceptFriendRequest(ParseObject friendRequest) async {
    friendRequest.set('status', 'accepted');
    final response = await friendRequest.save();

    if (response.success) {
      // Add each user to the other's friends relation
      final fromUser = friendRequest.get<ParseUser>('fromUser')!;
      final toUser = friendRequest.get<ParseUser>('toUser')!;

      fromUser.setAdd('friends', [toUser]);
      toUser.setAdd('friends', [fromUser]);

      await fromUser.save();
      await toUser.save();

      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  Future<bool> rejectFriendRequest(ParseObject friendRequest) async {
    friendRequest.set('status', 'rejected');
    final response = await friendRequest.save();
    return response.success;
  }

  Future<List<ParseUser>> getFriends(ParseUser user) async {
    final relation = user.getRelation<ParseUser>('friends');
    final query = relation.query();

    final response = await query.query();
    if (response.success && response.results != null) {
      return response.results!.cast<ParseUser>();
    } else {
      return [];
    }
  }
}
﻿
7.3. Aggiorna l'interfaccia utente
7.3.1. Aggiungi Schermata di Ricerca Utenti
Crea un file chiamato search_users_screen.dart sotto lib/screens/:
Dart
// lib/screens/search_users_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import '../services/friend_service.dart';

class SearchUsersScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _SearchUsersScreenState createState() => _SearchUsersScreenState();
}

class _SearchUsersScreenState extends State<SearchUsersScreen> {
  final TextEditingController _searchController = TextEditingController();
  List<ParseUser> users = [];
  final FriendService _friendService = FriendService();

  void _searchUsers() async {
    final query = QueryBuilder<ParseUser>(ParseUser.forQuery())
      ..whereContains('username', _searchController.text.trim())
      ..whereNotEqualTo('objectId', Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false).user!.objectId);

    final response = await query.query();
    if (response.success && response.results != null) {
      setState(() {
        users = response.results!.cast<ParseUser>();
      });
    } else {
      setState(() {
        users = [];
      });
    }
  }

  void _sendFriendRequest(ParseUser toUser) async {
    final fromUser = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false).user!;
    bool success = await _friendService.sendFriendRequest(fromUser, toUser);
    if (success) {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Friend request sent')));
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Failed to send friend request')));
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Search Users'),
      ),
      body: Column(
        children: [
          Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
            child: TextField(
              controller: _searchController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(
                hintText: 'Search by username',
                suffixIcon: IconButton(
                  icon: Icon(Icons.search),
                  onPressed: _searchUsers,
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ),
          Expanded(
            child: ListView.builder(
              itemCount: users.length,
              itemBuilder: (context, index) {
                final user = users[index];
                return ListTile(
                  title: Text(user.username ?? 'Unknown'),
                  trailing: ElevatedButton(
                    onPressed: () => _sendFriendRequest(user),
                    child: Text('Add Friend'),
                  ),
                );
              },
            ),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}
// lib/screens/search_users_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import '../services/friend_service.dart';

class SearchUsersScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _SearchUsersScreenState createState() => _SearchUsersScreenState();
}

class _SearchUsersScreenState extends State<SearchUsersScreen> {
  final TextEditingController _searchController = TextEditingController();
  List<ParseUser> users = [];
  final FriendService _friendService = FriendService();

  void _searchUsers() async {
    final query = QueryBuilder<ParseUser>(ParseUser.forQuery())
      ..whereContains('username', _searchController.text.trim())
      ..whereNotEqualTo('objectId', Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false).user!.objectId);

    final response = await query.query();
    if (response.success && response.results != null) {
      setState(() {
        users = response.results!.cast<ParseUser>();
      });
    } else {
      setState(() {
        users = [];
      });
    }
  }

  void _sendFriendRequest(ParseUser toUser) async {
    final fromUser = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false).user!;
    bool success = await _friendService.sendFriendRequest(fromUser, toUser);
    if (success) {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Friend request sent')));
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Failed to send friend request')));
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Search Users'),
      ),
      body: Column(
        children: [
          Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
            child: TextField(
              controller: _searchController,
              decoration: InputDecoration(
                hintText: 'Search by username',
                suffixIcon: IconButton(
                  icon: Icon(Icons.search),
                  onPressed: _searchUsers,
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ),
          Expanded(
            child: ListView.builder(
              itemCount: users.length,
              itemBuilder: (context, index) {
                final user = users[index];
                return ListTile(
                  title: Text(user.username ?? 'Unknown'),
                  trailing: ElevatedButton(
                    onPressed: () => _sendFriendRequest(user),
                    child: Text('Add Friend'),
                  ),
                );
              },
            ),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}
﻿
7.3.2. Aggiungi Schermata Richieste Amici
Crea un file chiamato friend_requests_screen.dart sotto lib/screens/:
Dart
// lib/screens/friend_requests_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import '../services/friend_service.dart';

class FriendRequestsScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _FriendRequestsScreenState createState() => _FriendRequestsScreenState();
}

class _FriendRequestsScreenState extends State<FriendRequestsScreen> {
  final FriendService _friendService = FriendService();
  List<ParseObject> friendRequests = [];

  void _loadFriendRequests() async {
    final user = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false).user!;
    final requests = await _friendService.getPendingRequests(user);
    setState(() {
      friendRequests = requests;
    });
  }

  void _acceptRequest(ParseObject request) async {
    bool success = await _friendService.acceptFriendRequest(request);
    if (success) {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Friend request accepted')));
      _loadFriendRequests();
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Failed to accept friend request')));
    }
  }

  void _rejectRequest(ParseObject request) async {
    bool success = await _friendService.rejectFriendRequest(request);
    if (success) {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Friend request rejected')));
      _loadFriendRequests();
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Failed to reject friend request')));
    }
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _loadFriendRequests();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Friend Requests'),
      ),
      body: ListView.builder(
        itemCount: friendRequests.length,
        itemBuilder: (context, index) {
          final request = friendRequests[index];
          final fromUser = request.get<ParseUser>('fromUser')!;
          return ListTile(
            title: Text(fromUser.username ?? 'Unknown'),
            subtitle: Text('Sent you a friend request'),
            trailing: Row(
              mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
              children: [
                IconButton(
                  icon: Icon(Icons.check, color: Colors.green),
                  onPressed: () => _acceptRequest(request),
                ),
                IconButton(
                  icon: Icon(Icons.close, color: Colors.red),
                  onPressed: () => _rejectRequest(request),
                ),
              ],
            ),
          );
        },
      ),
    );
  }
}
// lib/screens/friend_requests_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import '../services/friend_service.dart';

class FriendRequestsScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _FriendRequestsScreenState createState() => _FriendRequestsScreenState();
}

class _FriendRequestsScreenState extends State<FriendRequestsScreen> {
  final FriendService _friendService = FriendService();
  List<ParseObject> friendRequests = [];

  void _loadFriendRequests() async {
    final user = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false).user!;
    final requests = await _friendService.getPendingRequests(user);
    setState(() {
      friendRequests = requests;
    });
  }

  void _acceptRequest(ParseObject request) async {
    bool success = await _friendService.acceptFriendRequest(request);
    if (success) {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Friend request accepted')));
      _loadFriendRequests();
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Failed to accept friend request')));
    }
  }

  void _rejectRequest(ParseObject request) async {
    bool success = await _friendService.rejectFriendRequest(request);
    if (success) {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Friend request rejected')));
      _loadFriendRequests();
    } else {
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('Failed to reject friend request')));
    }
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _loadFriendRequests();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('Friend Requests'),
      ),
      body: ListView.builder(
        itemCount: friendRequests.length,
        itemBuilder: (context, index) {
          final request = friendRequests[index];
          final fromUser = request.get<ParseUser>('fromUser')!;
          return ListTile(
            title: Text(fromUser.username ?? 'Unknown'),
            subtitle: Text('Sent you a friend request'),
            trailing: Row(
              mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
              children: [
                IconButton(
                  icon: Icon(Icons.check, color: Colors.green),
                  onPressed: () => _acceptRequest(request),
                ),
                IconButton(
                  icon: Icon(Icons.close, color: Colors.red),
                  onPressed: () => _rejectRequest(request),
                ),
              ],
            ),
          );
        },
      ),
    );
  }
}
﻿
7.3.3. Aggiorna Navigazione Schermata Home
In home_screen.dart, aggiungi navigazione alle schermate di ricerca utenti e richieste di amicizia:
Dart
// Inside AppBar actions
IconButton(
  icon: Icon(Icons.person_add),
  onPressed: () {
    Navigator.push(
      context,
      MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => SearchUsersScreen()),
    );
  },
),
IconButton(
  icon: Icon(Icons.notifications),
  onPressed: () {
    Navigator.push(
      context,
      MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => FriendRequestsScreen()),
    );
  },
),
// Inside AppBar actions
IconButton(
  icon: Icon(Icons.person_add),
  onPressed: () {
    Navigator.push(
      context,
      MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => SearchUsersScreen()),
    );
  },
),
IconButton(
  icon: Icon(Icons.notifications),
  onPressed: () {
    Navigator.push(
      context,
      MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => FriendRequestsScreen()),
    );
  },
),
﻿
7.4. Aggiorna il Feed di Notizie per Mostrare i Post degli Amici
Modifica il getPosts metodo in post_service.dart per recuperare i post dall'utente e dai suoi amici.
Dart
// lib/services/post_service.dart
Future<List<Post>> getPosts(ParseUser user) async {
  // Get friends
  final relation = user.getRelation<ParseUser>('friends');
  final friendsQuery = relation.query();

  final friendsResponse = await friendsQuery.query();

  List<String> userIds = [user.objectId!];
  if (friendsResponse.success && friendsResponse.results != null) {
    final friends = friendsResponse.results!.cast<ParseUser>();
    userIds.addAll(friends.map((friend) => friend.objectId!));
  }

  // Fetch posts from user and friends
  final query = QueryBuilder<ParseObject>(ParseObject('Post'))
    ..whereContainedIn('user', userIds.map((id) => ParseUser(null, null, null)..objectId = id).toList())
    ..orderByDescending('createdAt')
    ..includeObject(['user']);

  final response = await query.query();

  if (response.success && response.results != null) {
    return response.results!.map((e) => Post.fromParseObject(e)).toList();
  } else {
    return [];
  }
}
// lib/services/post_service.dart
Future<List<Post>> getPosts(ParseUser user) async {
  // Get friends
  final relation = user.getRelation<ParseUser>('friends');
  final friendsQuery = relation.query();

  final friendsResponse = await friendsQuery.query();

  List<String> userIds = [user.objectId!];
  if (friendsResponse.success && friendsResponse.results != null) {
    final friends = friendsResponse.results!.cast<ParseUser>();
    userIds.addAll(friends.map((friend) => friend.objectId!));
  }

  // Fetch posts from user and friends
  final query = QueryBuilder<ParseObject>(ParseObject('Post'))
    ..whereContainedIn('user', userIds.map((id) => ParseUser(null, null, null)..objectId = id).toList())
    ..orderByDescending('createdAt')
    ..includeObject(['user']);

  final response = await query.query();

  if (response.success && response.results != null) {
    return response.results!.map((e) => Post.fromParseObject(e)).toList();
  } else {
    return [];
  }
}
﻿
Passo 8 – Implementazione della Messaggistica
In questo passaggio, aggiungeremo la messaggistica in tempo reale tra gli utenti utilizzando le Live Queries.
8.1. Abilita le Live Queries in Back4App
Nel tuo cruscotto dell'app Back4App, vai a Impostazioni App > Impostazioni Server.
Sotto URL del Server, annota il tuo URL del server (ad es., https://YOUR_APP_NAME.back4app.io).
Le Live Queries sono abilitate per impostazione predefinita su Back4App.
8.2. Configura le Live Queries in Flutter
Il parse_server_sdk_flutter pacchetto include il supporto per le Live Query.
8.3. Crea il Servizio di Messaggistica
Crea un file chiamato message_service.dart sotto lib/services/:
Dart
// lib/services/message_service.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import '../models/message.dart';

class MessageService {
  ParseLiveList<Message>? liveMessageList;

  Future<void> sendMessage(ParseUser fromUser, ParseUser toUser, String content) async {
    final message = ParseObject('Message')
      ..set('fromUser', fromUser)
      ..set('toUser', toUser)
      ..set('content', content);

    await message.save();
  }

  Future<void> subscribeToMessages(ParseUser user, ParseUser otherUser, Function(List<Message>) onMessagesUpdated) async {
    final queryBuilder = QueryBuilder<ParseObject>(ParseObject('Message'))
      ..whereEqualTo('fromUser', user)
      ..whereEqualTo('toUser', otherUser)
      ..orderByAscending('createdAt')
      ..includeObject(['fromUser', 'toUser']);

    liveMessageList = ParseLiveList<Message>(queryBuilder, listenOnAllSubItems: true);

    liveMessageList!.stream.listen((event) {
      onMessagesUpdated(liveMessageList!.items);
    });
  }

  Future<void> dispose() async {
    await liveMessageList?.dispose();
  }
}
// lib/services/message_service.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import '../models/message.dart';

class MessageService {
  ParseLiveList<Message>? liveMessageList;

  Future<void> sendMessage(ParseUser fromUser, ParseUser toUser, String content) async {
    final message = ParseObject('Message')
      ..set('fromUser', fromUser)
      ..set('toUser', toUser)
      ..set('content', content);

    await message.save();
  }

  Future<void> subscribeToMessages(ParseUser user, ParseUser otherUser, Function(List<Message>) onMessagesUpdated) async {
    final queryBuilder = QueryBuilder<ParseObject>(ParseObject('Message'))
      ..whereEqualTo('fromUser', user)
      ..whereEqualTo('toUser', otherUser)
      ..orderByAscending('createdAt')
      ..includeObject(['fromUser', 'toUser']);

    liveMessageList = ParseLiveList<Message>(queryBuilder, listenOnAllSubItems: true);

    liveMessageList!.stream.listen((event) {
      onMessagesUpdated(liveMessageList!.items);
    });
  }

  Future<void> dispose() async {
    await liveMessageList?.dispose();
  }
}
﻿
8.4. Crea il Modello di Messaggio
Aggiungi un file chiamato message.dart sotto lib/models/:
Dart
// lib/models/message.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class Message extends ParseObject implements ParseCloneable {
  Message() : super('Message');

  Message.clone() : this();

  @override
  clone(Map<String, dynamic> map) => Message.clone()..fromJson(map);

  ParseUser get fromUser => get<ParseUser>('fromUser')!;
  ParseUser get toUser => get<ParseUser>('toUser')!;
  String get content => get<String>('content')!;
}
// lib/models/message.dart
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class Message extends ParseObject implements ParseCloneable {
  Message() : super('Message');

  Message.clone() : this();

  @override
  clone(Map<String, dynamic> map) => Message.clone()..fromJson(map);

  ParseUser get fromUser => get<ParseUser>('fromUser')!;
  ParseUser get toUser => get<ParseUser>('toUser')!;
  String get content => get<String>('content')!;
}
﻿
8.5. Crea Schermata Chat
Aggiungi un file chiamato chat_screen.dart sotto lib/screens/:
Dart
// lib/screens/chat_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../models/message.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import '../services/message_service.dart';

class ChatScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  final ParseUser otherUser;

  ChatScreen({required this.otherUser});

  @override
  _ChatScreenState createState() => _ChatScreenState();
}

class _ChatScreenState extends State<ChatScreen> {
  final MessageService _messageService = MessageService();
  List<Message> messages = [];
  final TextEditingController _messageController = TextEditingController();

  void _sendMessage() {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final fromUser = authService.user!;
    final toUser = widget.otherUser;

    _messageService.sendMessage(fromUser, toUser, _messageController.text.trim());
    _messageController.clear();
  }

  void _onMessagesUpdated(List<Message> updatedMessages) {
    setState(() {
      messages = updatedMessages;
    });
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final user = authService.user!;
    _messageService.subscribeToMessages(user, widget.otherUser, _onMessagesUpdated);
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _messageService.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final user = authService.user!;

    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.otherUser.username ?? 'Chat')),
      body: Column(
        children: [
          Expanded(
            child: ListView(
              children: messages.map((message) {
                bool isMe = message.fromUser.objectId == user.objectId;
                return ListTile(
                  title: Align(
                    alignment: isMe ? Alignment.centerRight : Alignment.centerLeft,
                    child: Container(
                      padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
                      color: isMe ? Colors.blueAccent : Colors.grey[300],
                      child: Text(
                        message.content,
                        style: TextStyle(color: isMe ? Colors.white : Colors.black),
                      ),
                    ),
                  ),
                );
              }).toList(),
            ),
          ),
          Divider(height: 1),
          Container(
            padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 8.0),
            color: Theme.of(context).cardColor,
            child: Row(
              children: [
                Flexible(
                  child: TextField(
                    controller: _messageController,
                    decoration: InputDecoration.collapsed(hintText: 'Send a message'),
                  ),
                ),
                IconButton(
                  icon: Icon(Icons.send),
                  onPressed: _sendMessage,
                ),
              ],
            ),
          )
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}
// lib/screens/chat_screen.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
import '../models/message.dart';
import '../services/auth_service.dart';
import '../services/message_service.dart';

class ChatScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  final ParseUser otherUser;

  ChatScreen({required this.otherUser});

  @override
  _ChatScreenState createState() => _ChatScreenState();
}

class _ChatScreenState extends State<ChatScreen> {
  final MessageService _messageService = MessageService();
  List<Message> messages = [];
  final TextEditingController _messageController = TextEditingController();

  void _sendMessage() {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final fromUser = authService.user!;
    final toUser = widget.otherUser;

    _messageService.sendMessage(fromUser, toUser, _messageController.text.trim());
    _messageController.clear();
  }

  void _onMessagesUpdated(List<Message> updatedMessages) {
    setState(() {
      messages = updatedMessages;
    });
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final user = authService.user!;
    _messageService.subscribeToMessages(user, widget.otherUser, _onMessagesUpdated);
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _messageService.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final authService = Provider.of<AuthService>(context, listen: false);
    final user = authService.user!;

    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.otherUser.username ?? 'Chat')),
      body: Column(
        children: [
          Expanded(
            child: ListView(
              children: messages.map((message) {
                bool isMe = message.fromUser.objectId == user.objectId;
                return ListTile(
                  title: Align(
                    alignment: isMe ? Alignment.centerRight : Alignment.centerLeft,
                    child: Container(
                      padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
                      color: isMe ? Colors.blueAccent : Colors.grey[300],
                      child: Text(
                        message.content,
                        style: TextStyle(color: isMe ? Colors.white : Colors.black),
                      ),
                    ),
                  ),
                );
              }).toList(),
            ),
          ),
          Divider(height: 1),
          Container(
            padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 8.0),
            color: Theme.of(context).cardColor,
            child: Row(
              children: [
                Flexible(
                  child: TextField(
                    controller: _messageController,
                    decoration: InputDecoration.collapsed(hintText: 'Send a message'),
                  ),
                ),
                IconButton(
                  icon: Icon(Icons.send),
                  onPressed: _sendMessage,
                ),
              ],
            ),
          )
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}
﻿
8.6. Aggiorna l'interfaccia utente per avviare la chat
Puoi avviare la chat dalla lista amici o dalla schermata di ricerca utenti.
Nella lista amici, quando si visualizzano gli amici, aggiungi un pulsante per avviare una chat:
Dart
// Inside the ListTile for a friend
trailing: IconButton(
  icon: Icon(Icons.chat),
  onPressed: () {
    Navigator.push(
      context,
      MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => ChatScreen(otherUser: friend)),
    );
  },
),
// Inside the ListTile for a friend
trailing: IconButton(
  icon: Icon(Icons.chat),
  onPressed: () {
    Navigator.push(
      context,
      MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => ChatScreen(otherUser: friend)),
    );
  },
),
﻿
Passo 9 – Aggiunta di Notifiche Push
Implementare le notifiche push implica configurare Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) e integrarlo con Back4App.
9.1. Configurare Firebase Cloud Messaging
9.1.1. Configurare il Progetto Firebase
Vai su Firebase Console e crea un nuovo progetto.
Aggiungi un'app Android e/o iOS al tuo progetto.
Per Android, hai bisogno del nome del pacchetto (applicationId).
Per iOS, hai bisogno del Bundle Identifier.
9.1.2. Scarica i File di Configurazione
Per Android: Scarica google-services.json e posizionalo in android/app/.
Per iOS: Scarica GoogleService-Info.plist e aggiungilo al tuo progetto Xcode sotto Runner.
9.2. Aggiungi il pacchetto firebase_messaging.
9.3. Inizializza Firebase in Flutter
Modifica main.dart:
Dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import 'package:firebase_core/firebase_core.dart';
// Other imports

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await Firebase.initializeApp();

  // Initialize Parse as before

  runApp(MyApp());
}
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';
import 'package:firebase_core/firebase_core.dart';
// Other imports

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await Firebase.initializeApp();

  // Initialize Parse as before

  runApp(MyApp());
}
﻿
9.4. Configura Firebase Messaging
Crea un file chiamato push_notification_service.dart sotto lib/services/:
Dart
// lib/services/push_notification_service.dart
import 'package:firebase_messaging/firebase_messaging.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class PushNotificationService {
  final FirebaseMessaging _fcm = FirebaseMessaging.instance;

  Future<void> init() async {
    // Request permissions (iOS)
    await _fcm.requestPermission();

    // Get the token
    String? token = await _fcm.getToken();

    if (token != null) {
      // Save the token to Parse Installation
      final installation = await ParseInstallation.currentInstallation();
      installation.set('deviceToken', token);
      await installation.save();
    }

    // Handle foreground messages
    FirebaseMessaging.onMessage.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
      print('Received a message in the foreground!');
      // Handle the message
    });
  }
}
// lib/services/push_notification_service.dart
import 'package:firebase_messaging/firebase_messaging.dart';
import 'package:parse_server_sdk_flutter/parse_server_sdk.dart';

class PushNotificationService {
  final FirebaseMessaging _fcm = FirebaseMessaging.instance;

  Future<void> init() async {
    // Request permissions (iOS)
    await _fcm.requestPermission();

    // Get the token
    String? token = await _fcm.getToken();

    if (token != null) {
      // Save the token to Parse Installation
      final installation = await ParseInstallation.currentInstallation();
      installation.set('deviceToken', token);
      await installation.save();
    }

    // Handle foreground messages
    FirebaseMessaging.onMessage.listen((RemoteMessage message) {
      print('Received a message in the foreground!');
      // Handle the message
    });
  }
}
﻿
9.5. Aggiorna main.dart per inizializzare le notifiche push
In main.dart, dopo aver inizializzato Parse, inizializza il PushNotificationService:
Dart
void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await Firebase.initializeApp();

  // Initialize Parse as before

  // Initialize Push Notifications
  PushNotificationService _pushNotificationService = PushNotificationService();
  await _pushNotificationService.init();

  runApp(MyApp());
}
void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await Firebase.initializeApp();

  // Initialize Parse as before

  // Initialize Push Notifications
  PushNotificationService _pushNotificationService = PushNotificationService();
  await _pushNotificationService.init();

  runApp(MyApp());
}
﻿
9.6. Inviare notifiche push da Back4App
Puoi inviare notifiche push utilizzando il Cloud Code o direttamente dal tuo server.
9.6.1. Inviare Notifiche su Richiesta di Amicizia
Quando un utente invia una richiesta di amicizia, puoi inviare una notifica push al destinatario.
In friend_service.dart, modifica il sendFriendRequest metodo:
Dart
Future<bool> sendFriendRequest(ParseUser fromUser, ParseUser toUser) async {
  // Existing code to create friend request

  // Send push notification
  final pushQuery = QueryBuilder<ParseInstallation>(ParseInstallation.forQuery())
    ..whereEqualTo('user', toUser);

  await ParsePush().send(
    PushPayload(
      query: pushQuery,
      notification: ParseNotification(
        title: 'New Friend Request',
        alert: '${fromUser.username} sent you a friend request',
      ),
    ),
  );

  return response.success;
}
Future<bool> sendFriendRequest(ParseUser fromUser, ParseUser toUser) async {
  // Existing code to create friend request

  // Send push notification
  final pushQuery = QueryBuilder<ParseInstallation>(ParseInstallation.forQuery())
    ..whereEqualTo('user', toUser);

  await ParsePush().send(
    PushPayload(
      query: pushQuery,
      notification: ParseNotification(
        title: 'New Friend Request',
        alert: '${fromUser.username} sent you a friend request',
      ),
    ),
  );

  return response.success;
}
﻿
Nota: Assicurati di aver associato l'installazione con l'utente.
9.7. Associare l'Installazione con l'Utente
Quando un utente accede, associa la sua installazione con il suo account utente.
In auth_service.dart, dopo un accesso riuscito:
Dart
Future<bool> login(String username, String password) async {
  user = ParseUser(username, password, null);

  final response = await user!.login();

  if (response.success) {
    // Associate installation with user
    final installation = await ParseInstallation.currentInstallation();
    installation.set('user', user);
    await installation.save();

    notifyListeners();
    return true;
  } else {
    user = null;
    return false;
  }
}
Future<bool> login(String username, String password) async {
  user = ParseUser(username, password, null);

  final response = await user!.login();

  if (response.success) {
    // Associate installation with user
    final installation = await ParseInstallation.currentInstallation();
    installation.set('user', user);
    await installation.save();

    notifyListeners();
    return true;
  } else {
    user = null;
    return false;
  }
}
﻿
Nota: Le notifiche push richiedono una configurazione aggiuntiva sia sul lato client che su quello server. È necessario gestire diversi scenari, come le notifiche in background e i permessi degli utenti, che vanno oltre l'ambito di questo tutorial.
﻿
Conclusione
Congratulazioni! Hai costruito le basi di un'app di social networking utilizzando Flutter e Back4App. Questa app include autenticazione degli utenti, gestione del profilo e una funzionalità di feed di notizie. Sebbene l'implementazione di connessioni complete tra amici, messaggistica e notifiche vada oltre l'ambito di questo tutorial, ora hai la struttura necessaria per continuare ad espandere la tua app.
Prossimi Passi
Connessioni tra Amici: Implementa le funzionalità di richiesta di amicizia.
Messaggistica: Aggiungi funzionalità di chat in tempo reale utilizzando Live Queries.
Notifiche: Integra notifiche push per il coinvolgimento degli utenti.
Miglioramenti UI: Migliora l'interfaccia utente e l'esperienza utente.
Sicurezza: Assicurati della sicurezza dei dati e della privacy impostando ACL appropriate in Back4App.
Risorse Aggiuntive
﻿Documentazione di Back4App﻿
﻿Guida al Parse SDK per Flutter﻿
﻿Documentazione Ufficiale di Flutter﻿
﻿Documentazione del Pacchetto Provider﻿
Buon Codice!
Aggiornato 23 Jan 2025
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